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ist is a petitor。 These organisms tend to have big bodies； are long…lived； and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction。 An oak tree is a good example of a petitor。 A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more； outpeting all other would…be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil。 The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins； a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms。 The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity。 Although oaks produce thousands of acorns； the investment in a crop of acorns is small pared with the energy spent on building leaves； trunk； and roots。 Once an oak tree bees established； it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire。 A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time； and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of petition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events。 It should be noted； however； that the pure opportunist or pure petitor is rare in nature； as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum； exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some petitive characteristics。
與opportunist相對應，本段以橡樹為例，同樣從“形態、生存時間、種群數量、能量分配”等方面介紹植物中的petitor的特點：
1。 具有強大的體態，能生存更長時間，不會將大部分能量用於繁殖；
2。 由於生存時間較長，且能抵抗惡劣環境，因此橡樹的種群數量相對穩定。
二、閱讀題目型別
託福閱讀的題型主要分為以下幾類：
Factual Information（事實資訊題）
Negative Factual Information（否定排除題）
Inference（推論題）
Rhetorical Purpose（修辭題）
Vocabulary（詞彙題）
Reference（指代題）
Sentence Simplification（句子簡化題）
Insert Text（插入文字題）
Fill in a Table（圖表題）
Prose Summary（總結題）
下面，我們將為考生提供一些解題的思路：
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