第2部分

請關閉瀏覽器的閱讀/暢讀/小說模式並且關閉廣告遮蔽過濾功能，避免出現內容無法顯示或者段落錯亂。

observations　respecting　it；　suggested　by　the　study　of　its

records；　and　proposed　to　be　illustrated　by　its　facts；　but　Universal　History　itself。

I　cannot　mention　any　work　that　will　serve　as　a　pendium　of　the　course；　but　I　may　remark　that　in

my　The　Philosophy　of　Right　§§。　341…360；　I　have　already　given　a　definition　of　such　a　Universal

History　as　it　is　proposed　to　develop；　and　a　syllabus　of　the　chief　elements　or　periods　into　which　it

naturally　divides　itself。

To　gain　a　clear　idea　at　the　outset；　of　the　nature　of　our　task；　it　seems　necessary　to　begin　with　an

examination　of　the　other　methods　of　treating　History。　The　various　methods　may　be　ranged　under

three　heads：

I。 Original　History

II。 Reflective　History

III。　Philosophical　History

i。 Reason　Governs　the　World

ii。 Essential　destiny　of　Reason

（1）　The　Abstract　Characteristics　of　the　Nature　of　Spirit

（2）　The　Means　Spirit　Uses　to　Realize　Its　Idea

（3）　The　Embodiment　Spirit　Assumes　…　the　State

iii。　The　Course　of　the　World's　History

I。Original　History

§　1

Of　the　first　kind；　the　mention　of　one　or　two　distinguished　names　will　furnish　a　definite　type。　To　this

category　belong　Herodotus；　Thucydides；　and　other　historians　of　the　same　order；　whose

descriptions　are　for　the　most　part　limited　to　deeds；　events；　and　states　of　society；　which　they　had

before　their　eyes；　and　whose　spirit　they　shared。　They　simply　transferred　what　was　passing　in　the

world　around　them；　to　the　realm　of　representative　intellect。　An　external　phenomenon　is　thus

translated　into　an　internal　conception。　In　the　same　way　the　poet　operates　upon　the　material

supplied　him　by　his　emotions；　projecting